Short Communication, J Appl Bioinforma Comput Biol Vol: 9 Issue: 6
An Overview of Biomarkers
Navya Sree Nuthalapati*
Department of Pharmacy, QIS College of Pharmacy, Ongole, AP, India
*Corresponding Author: Navya Sree Nuthalapati
Department of Pharmacy, QIS College of Pharmacy, Ongole, Ap, India
E-mail: navyanuthalapatisree@gmail.com
Received: December 02, 2020 Accepted: December 14, 2020 Published: December 21, 2020
Citation: Nuthalapati N (2020) An Overview of Biomarkers. J Appl Bioinforma Comput Biol 9:6 doi:10.37532/jabcb.2020.9(6).188
Abstract
A biomarker may be a biological characteristic that's objectively measured associated evaluated as an indicator of traditional biological or pathological processes, or a response to a therapeutic intervention. Many biomarkers come back from easy measurements created throughout a routine doctor visit, like pressure level or weight. alternative biomarkers are supported laboratory tests of blood, urine, or tissues. Some capture changes at the molecular and cellular level by staring at genes or proteins. Biomarkers play a very important role in illuminating relationships among environmental exposures, human biology, and sickness. Scientists will use biomarkers to raised perceive elementary biological processes, advance exposure science, and switch analysis findings into sensible medical and public health applications
Keywords: Biomarker, Gene, Idenfication
Introduction
A biomarker may be a biological characteristic that's objectively measured associated evaluated as an indicator of traditional biological or pathological processes, or a response to a therapeutic intervention. Many biomarkers come back from easy measurements created throughout a routine doctor visit, like pressure level or weight. alternative biomarkers are supported laboratory tests of blood, urine, or tissues. Some capture changes at the molecular and cellular level by staring at genes or proteins. Biomarkers play a very important role in illuminating relationships among environmental exposures, human biology, and sickness. Scientists will use biomarkers to raised perceive elementary biological processes, advance exposure science, and switch analysis findings into sensible medical and public health applications.
Examples of Biomarkers embrace
• Patterns of organic phenomenon
• Levels of a specific macromolecule in body fluids or changes in electrical activity within the brain.
Biomarker is developed for 3 main functions
(1) Diagnostic (to classify as having a disease)
(2) Prognostic (To create predictions on UN agency can
develop a disease)
(3) Theranostic (To predict a private response to a specific therapy
Classification of Biomarkers
Biomarkers is classified supported completely different parameters, as well as their characteristics, like imaging biomarkers (computed pictorial representation, antielectron emission pictorial representation, resonance imaging) or molecular biomarkers. Molecular biomarkers is accustomed talk over with non-imaging biomarkers that have biophysical properties, which permit them to be measured in biological samples, and embrace nucleic acid–based biomarkers like cistron mutations or polymorphisms and quantitative organic phenomenon analysis, peptides, proteins, lipids metabolites, and alternative little molecules.
Biomarkers may be classified supported their application, like diagnostic biomarkers, staging of sickness biomarkers, sickness prognosis biomarkers (cancer biomarkers), and biomarkers for watching the clinical response to associate intervention. Another class of biomarkers includes those utilized in higher cognitive process throughout early drug development.
Biomarkers that are utilized in clinical trials embrace people who are used as study endpoints, moreover as people who are simply searching biomarkers. searching biomarkers are used with the goal of inward at an acceptable panel that may later on be tested and valid, to be used as associate termination in future clinical trials. In associate account of terminations for clinical trials distinguished “exploratory endpoints” from biomarkers that are accustomed outline a primary endpoint, multiple primary endpoints, secondary endpoints, and composite endpoints. In employing a composite termination, multiple endpoints are usually combined to supply one variable, like associate index or score.
Trends being wedged by biomarkers are
1. Preciseness drugs
2. Combination trials
3. Diagnostic development
4. Liquid biopsies
5. Cancer as a rare sickness
Biomarkers for cancer Associated Fibroblast
Cancer-associated fibroblasts are the key component of tumor stromal. High heterogeneity of Cancer Associated fibroblasts reflects in their origin, phenotype and function. Biological function which can be suggested by biomarkers of distinct Cancer Associated Fibroblasts subgroups may be different, even opposite, just like water and fire. Identifying Cancer Associated Fibroblast subpopulations expressing different biomarkers and reconciling the relationship of the “water and fire” among distinct Cancer associated fibroblasts subsets may be a breakthrough in tumor therapy.
