Perspective, J Blood Res Hematol Dis Vol: 8 Issue: 1

Importance of Hematology and its Mechanism

Syaj Abushukair^*

Department of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

*Corresponding Author: Syaj Abushukair
Department of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
E-mail: abushukair.s@gmail.com

Received date: 03-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. JBRHD-23-93274; Editor assigned date: 06-Mar-2023, PreQC No. JBRHD-23-93274 (PQ); Reviewed date: 20-Mar-2023, QC No. JBRHD-23-93274; Revised date: 27-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. JBRHD-23-93274 (R); Published date: 06-Apr-2023 DOI: 10.4172/jbrhd.1000157.

Citation: Abushukair S (2023) Importance of Hematology and its Mechanism. J Blood Res Hematol Dis 8:1.

Description

Hematology is a branch of medical science that deals with the study of blood and its related disorders. It is a complex field that covers a broad range of topics, including the physiology of blood, bloodforming organs, blood disorders, and the diagnostic and therapeutic methods used to treat them. The human blood is a vital fluid that carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. It is made up of platelets, plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cell. Each of these components has a specific function in the body, and any abnormalities in their production or function can lead to serious health problems. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, they are responsible of transferring oxygen from the lungs to the tissues throughout the body. They contain a protein called as hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen molecules and transports them through the bloodstream. A lack of red blood cells, or anemia, can cause fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.

White blood cells, or leukocytes, are part of the body's immune system and help to defence infections and diseases. They are divided into five different types: Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil’s, and basophils. Any abnormalities in their production or function can lead to infections or autoimmune disorders. Platelets are known as thrombocytes, they are responsible for blood clotting. They are tiny cell fragments that stick together to form clots that stop bleeding. A lack of platelets, or thrombocytopenia, can cause excessive bleeding, while an excess of platelets, or thrombocytosis, can increase the risk of blood clots.

Hematologists use a wide range of diagnostic tests to evaluate blood disorders. Some of the most common tests include complete blood count, blood smears, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, and genetic testing. A Complete Blood Count (CBC) measures the number and types of blood cells in the body. It provides information on the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, as well as the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Blood smears are used to examine the morphology of blood cells under a microscope. They can reveal abnormalities in the size, shape, and color of the cells, which can help to diagnose the certain blood disorders.

Aspiration and biopsy of bone marrow are procedures that require a sample of bone marrow from the hipbone or breastbone. The sample is examined with a microscope to evaluate blood cell production and function. This test is frequently used to diagnose leukemia, lymphoma, and other types of blood cancers. Genetic testing is used to identify inherited genetic mutations that may be responsible for certain blood disorders. It can help diagnose conditions such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, and hemophilia. Hematologists use a variety of treatments to manage blood disorders, including medications, blood transfusions, bone marrow transplants, and gene therapy.

Medications are often used to manage symptoms of blood disorders or to prevent complications. They may include antibiotics to treat infections, anticoagulants to prevent blood clots, and immunesuppressants to manage autoimmune disorders. Blood transfusions are used to replace blood cells that are lost due to injury, surgery, or disease. They may be used to treat anemia, thrombocytopenia, or other blood disorders.

Bone marrow transplants are used to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow from a donor. They are frequently used to treat blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. Gene therapy is an experimental treatment that involves altering the genes responsible for certain blood disorders. It has demonstrated potential for the treatment of sickle cell disease and thalassemia.