Is C4d Deposits Detection a Real Marker for the Diagnosis of Chronic Rejection in Renal Allografts? Is Further Revise of its Diagnostic Criteria Not Required?

Outcomes of kidney transplantation have been improved during the last decade mainly by the new potent immunosuppressants. Main causes of graft loss are chronic humoral rejection (CHR), calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity (CNINT), de novo or recurrent glomerulonephritis (GN) and the death with functioning graft (DWFG). Nowadays acute cellular rejection has been almost overcome by its prevention and early treatment using potent and selective T cell-based immunosuppressants based upon the early and accurate diagnosis, which was developed and standardized by Banff criteria