Preliminary Study of Down Syndrome Risk Factors (Case Study of Tangerang City and Regency) in 2019

Down syndrome is the largest autosomal disease in the world caused by nondisjunction of chromosome 21. This study aims to find out the risk factors of Down syndrome that exist in the parents around the Industrial District of Tangerang City and Tangerang Regency in 2019. Study of the Down syndrome risk factors around the industrial district is based on previous research which found that parents who have Down syndrome children have almost 50% work in the industry. The risk factors examined in this study include intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. Intrinsic characteristics are factors that exist in parents such as mother’s age, father’s age, childbirth order, history of maternal fertility, history of parent consanguinity, and economic status. Extrinsic characteristics are factors that can be related to the environment such as the location of residence, length of stay around the industrial area, work history of parents, and sources of drinking water. This study uses a case- control study with retrospective data. Case and control subjects were obtained at Special Education School in Tangerang City and Regency. The case subjects were students who were classified as Down syndrome, while the control subjects were students who were classified as mental retardation but were not caused by Down syndrome. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire by interviewing parents. Respondents who collected as 50 cases and 50 controls.